Vergangenheitsbildung in gesprochenen karpatorussinischen Varietäten

Quantitativ-statistische Perspektiven

Autor/innen

Abstract

In this paper, the formation of the past tense in three varieties of spoken Transcarpathian Rusyn (Lemko, Prešov Rusyn, Zakarpattia Rusyn) is investigated. The study has two aims: First, to quantitatively analyze the areal distribution of past tense forms with and without auxiliaries and to discuss the role of pertinent linguistic and extra-linguistic variables, above all the role of the respective umbrella languages, i.e. Polish, Slovak, and Ukrainian. Second, to demonstrate the possibilities and limits of modern statistical methods such as random forests, conditional inference trees, or mixed-effects binomial logistic regression models that are not yet widely established in Slavic linguistics.

The analysis is conducted using the Corpus of Spoken Rusyn (www.russinisch.uni-freiburg.de/corpus) and the statistics tool R. It shows that speakers of Lemko prefer to produce past tense forms with the short form of the auxiliary (such as in čytala‑m), while speakers of Prešov Rusyn favor the long form (čytala jem) and speakers of Zakarpattia Rusyn tend to avoid auxiliaries, which complies with the situation in the respective umbrella languages. This means that so-called border effects between the three varieties investigated can be detected. The aforementioned complex statistical methods provide evidence for contact-induced language change: Younger speakers tend to comply with the respective umbrella language even more than older speakers, and the Rusyn varieties thus gradually diverge.

Literaturhinweise

Adamou, E. 2016. A corpus-driven approach to language contact: Endangered languages in a comparative perspective. Berlin, Boston (Language contact and bilingualism, 12).

Adamou, E., W. Breu, L. Scholze, R.X. Shen. 2016. Borrowing and contact intensity: A corpus-driven approach from four Slavic minority languages. Journal of Language Contact 9 (3), 513–542.

Auer, P. 2013. The geography of language: Steps toward a new approach. http://portal.uni-freiburg.de/sdd/fragl/2013.16. (Accessed 29 January 2018.)

Baayen, H.R., S.A. Tagliamonte. 2012. Models, forests, and trees of York English: Was/were variation as a case study for statistical practice. Language Variation and Change (24), 135–178.

Bailey, G. 2004. Real and apparent time. Chambers, J.K., P. Trudgill, N. Schilling-Estes (eds.). The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, Oxford, Carlton, 312–332.

Bandrivs’kyj, D., L. Hryhorčuk, F. Žylko, J. Zakrevs’ka, A. Zales’kyj, T. Nazarova, M. Onyškevyč, P. Prystupa. 1988. Atlas ukrajins’koji movy: Volyn’, Naddnistrjanščyna, Zakarpattja i sumižni zemli. Tom druhyj. Kyjiv.

Barnes, S. 2018. Copula variation in Asturian Spanish and the multidimensionality of stancetaking in interaction. Journal of Sociolinguistics 22 (1), 29–54.

Bates, D., M. Mächler, B. Bolker, S. Walker. 2015. Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67 (1).

Boudovskaia, E. 2017. Past tense in the Rusyn dialect of Novoselycja: Auxiliary vs. subject pronoun as the first- and second-person subject. Journal of Slavic Linguistics 25 (1), 3–62.

Carmichael, K. 2017. Displacement and local linguistic practices: R-lessness in post-Katrina Greater New Orleans. Journal of Sociolinguistics 21 (5), 696–719.

Chambers, J.K., P. Trudgill. 2004. Dialectology. Cambridge (Cambridge textbooks in linguistics).

Chomiak, M., H. Fontański. 2004. Gramatyka lemkivskoho jazyka = Gramatyka języka łemkowskiego. Warszawa.

Chromý, J. 2017. Protetické v- v češtině. Praha (Trivium, 13. svazek).

Danylenko, A. 2012. Auxiliary clitics in Southwest Ukrainian: Questions of chronology, areal distribution, and grammaticalization. Journal of Slavic Linguistics 20 (1), 3–34.

Duć-Fajfer, O. 2015. Die schwierige Ethnogenese der lemkischen Gemeinschaft in Polen. Kleinmann, Y., A. Rabus (eds.). Aleksander Brückner revisited: Debatten um Polen und Polentum in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Göttingen, 168–196.

Evert, S., The OCWB development team. 2010. The IMS Open Corpus Workbench (CWB): CQP Query Language Tutorial (CWB Version 3.0). http://cwb.sourceforge.net/files/CQP_Tutorial.pdf.

Hothorn, T., P. Buehlmann, S. Dudoit, A. Molinaro, M. van der Laan. 2006. Survival ensembles. Biostatistics 7 (3), 355–373.

Hothorn, T., K. Hornik, A. Zeileis. 2006. Unbiased recursive partitioning: A conditional inference framework. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 15 (3), 651–674.

Johnson, D.E. 2009. Getting off the GoldVarb standard: Introducing Rbrul for mixed-effects variable rule analysis. Language and Linguistics Compass 3 (1), 359–383.

Kerča, I. 2004. Pudkarpats’ka Rus’. Magocsi, P.R. (ed.). Rusyn’skŷj jazŷk. Opole, 115–146. Labov, W. 1972. Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia (Conduct and communication series).

Leška, O. 1973. Govor sela Ublja vostočnoj Slovakii: Ėtjudy po ukrainskoj dialektologii 1. Praha.

Menzel, T. 2013. Der morphologische Ausdruck des Präteritums im Sprachkontakt: Der Fall des Lemkischen und Kaschubischen. Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch. N.F. 1, 99–128.

Mood, C. 2010. Logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it. European Sociological Review 26 (1), 67–82.

Pan’kevyč, I. 1938. Ukrajins’ki hovory Pidkarpats’koji Rusy i sumežnych oblastej. Praha.

Plišková, A., Z. Citriaková, K. Koporová. 2017. Rusyn’sko-slovac’kŷj bilingvizm na fonji sučasnoho rusyn’skoho jazŷka. Rusynystyčny studyji 1 (1), 35–53.

Pugh, S.M. 2009. The Rusyn language: A grammar of the literary standard of Slovakia with reference to Lemko and Subcarpathian Rusyn. München (Languages of the World/Materials, 476).

R Core Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Wien. https://www.R-project.org.

Rabus, A. i.Dr. Sprachwissen versus Sprachgebrauch im gesprochenen Karpatorussinischen. Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie.

Rabus, A. 2015. Current developments in Carpatho-Rusyn speech: Preliminary observations. Padjak, V., P. Krafčik (eds.). Juvilejnyj zbirnyk na čest’ profesora Pavla-Roberta Magočija: Do 70-riččja vid dnja narodžennja naukovcja. Užhorod, Prjašiv, New York, 489–496.

Rabus, A., Y. Scherrer. 2017. Lexicon induction for spoken Rusyn – Challenges and results. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Balto-Slavic Natural Language Processing, 27–32.

Rabus, A., A. Šymon. 2015. Na novŷch putjach isslidovanja rusyns’kŷch dialektu: Korpus rozhovornoho rusyns’koho jazŷka. Koporová, K. (ed.). Rusyn’skŷj literaturnŷj jazŷk na Slovakiji: 20 rokiv kodifikaciji. Zbornyk referativ z IV. Midžinarodnoho kongresu rusyn’skoho jazŷka. Prjašiv, 23.–25.09.2015. Prjašiv, 40–54.

Riger, J. 2004. Stanovysko i zrižnycjuvanja ‘rusynskŷch’ dialektiv v Karpatach. Magocsi, P.R. (ed.). Rusyn’skŷj jazŷk. Opole, 39–65.

Scherrer, Y., A. Rabus. 2017. Multi-source morphosyntactic tagging for spoken Rusyn. Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects, 84–92.

Šišková, R., M. Mušinka, A. Mušinka (eds.). 2005. Ukrajinská nářečí Slovenska: Výzkum a zvukové zápisy z let 1957–1967. Praha.

Speelman, D., K. Heylen, D. Geeraerts (eds.). 2018. Mixed-effects regression models in linguistics. Cham (Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences).

Teutsch, A. 2001. Das Rusinische der Ostslowakei im Kontext seiner Nachbarsprachen. Frankfurt a.M., Berlin, Bern (Heidelberger Publikationen zur Slavistik. A, Linguistische Reihe, 12).

Vašíček, M. 2016. Dynamika jihokarpatských nářečí. Disertační práce. Praha.

Waldenfels, R.v., M. Woźniak. 2016. SpoCo – a simple and adaptable web interface for dialect corpora. Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics 31 (1), 155–170.

Wickham, H., G. Grolemund. 2017. R for data science: Import, tidy, transform, visualize, and model data. Sebastopol, CA.

Woolhiser, C. 2005. Political borders and dialect divergence/convergence in Europe. Auer, P., F. Hinskens, P. Kerswill (eds.). Dialect change: Convergence and divergence in European languages. Cambridge, 236–262.

Zeller, J.P. 2015. Phonische Variation in der weißrussischen ‘Trasjanka’. Dissertation. Oldenburg (Studia Slavica Oldenburgensia, 27).

Veröffentlicht

12.12.2018

Zitationsvorschlag

Rabus, Achim. 2018. Vergangenheitsbildung in gesprochenen karpatorussinischen Varietäten: Quantitativ-statistische Perspektiven. Die Welt der Slaven: Internationale Halbjahresschrift für Slavistik. Wiesbaden 64(1). 15–33.

Ausgabe

Rubrik

Artikel

Kategorien